Common foundation
- One tax template per country, per VAT rate.
- Tax category mapping on both items and customers.
- Reverse charge configuration for imports.
- Exempt vs zero-rated handled explicitly — not as the same thing.
Saudi Arabia — ZATCA phase 2
Phase 2 requires cryptographic stamping, XML/UBL submission and QR code validation. In ERPNext this is delivered through the ZATCA integration app; in Odoo it's native in the Saudi localization.
Required artifacts
- CSID certificate from ZATCA portal.
- Cryptographic stamp identifier per device.
- UBL 2.1 XML invoice schema validation.
- QR code on every invoice with mandatory fields.
UAE — FTA VAT
UAE VAT remains straightforward: 5% standard rate, designated zones, and quarterly/monthly VAT returns. The bigger change is the corporate tax layer introduced in 2023 — configure analytic dimensions early to make corporate tax reporting clean.
Oman & Bahrain
Both follow the GCC VAT framework: 5% standard (Oman) and 10% (Bahrain). E-invoicing rollout is following KSA's lead — prepare for phase-2-style requirements within 12–24 months.